MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a broad class of non-coding RNAs nearly 21 nucleotides length, which play crucial functions in posttranscriptional gene regulation. These molecules are associated with many developmental and cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms. Current investigation has reported major factors contributing to miRNA biogenesis and has constituted basic principles of miRNA function. More recently, it was confirmed that various miRNAs are clearly implicated in human malignancies, such as lung, breast, ovarian, bladder, colon cancer and other kinds of carcinoma. In addition, dysregulation in the miRNA machinery elements such as Dicer, Drosha, DGCR8, Argonaut, and TRBP could be involved in the progress of many tumor types. The purpose of the current review was to compile growing information besides how miRNA biogenesis and gene silencing are modified to develop cancer.

p53 plays a central role in prevention of normal cell from the development of the malignant phenotype. Somatic alterations (mutations, loss of heterozygosity, deletions) in p53 are a hallmark of most human cancers and cause defects in normal p53 function. However, in the tumors harboring wild-type p53, there are alterations in the regulation of the p53. Thus, understanding why p53 is unable to perform its role as a tumor suppressor in these wild-type tumors is very crucial. Germ-line polymorphisms in p53 are also anticipated to cause measurable disturbance in p53 function. Over-expression as well as polymorphic variants of MDM2 might have effects on cancer development. In addition, degradation of p53 by E6 protein of high risk human papillomavirus is also suggested as one of the mechanisms which attenuate p53 responses in oral carcinogenesis. p53 has also been demonstrated to mediate cellular responses upon various DNA damaging cancer therapies, importantly, apoptosis. These responses have been implicated in an individual's ability to respond to these cancer therapies. Thus, exploring mechanisms by which normal function of p53 is affected in the comprehensive way in oral cancer might aid in the identification of tumor characteristics, prognosis and thus in the development of a new approach to treat the oral cancer.

Background: among malignancies, lung cancer is a leading cause of death. Platinum-based therapeutic compounds used to treat lung cancer have not been able to increase the survival of patients and such compounds have a high incidence of adverse and toxic effects. It has been proposed that flavonoids such as catechins may significantly reduce the risk of developing cancer, alongside with other health benefits. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of (-)-epicatechin, the main flavanol found in cocoa, on the proliferation of the lung non-small cell adenocarcinoma cancer cell line A549, and to determine its effects when added simultaneously with cisplatin. Concentration-response curves for cisplatin and epicatechin were obtained, inhibitory concentrations calculated and an isobolographic analysis was then performed. We found that epicatechin has a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on proliferation of tumor cells and the isobolographic analysis reveals that the effect of its combination with cisplatin is synergistic. It was also observed that epicatechin promotes cell death by apoptosis. Conclusions: epicatechin might be considered for future studies to explore its possible use as coadjuvant in cisplatin-based treatments.

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р569.695.4

Рубрики:

Пухлини нирок і ниркових мисок

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р569.423-29

Рубрики:

Пухлини легенів

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Background - the mechanisms of drug resistance of cancer have not been yet elucidated in details. Recently, the role of mast cells (MCs) in the development of drug resistance has been brought in the limelight. The aim of the study was to examine the morphological features of doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and to assess the response of MCs and histamine content in these cells in relation to the development of resistance to DOX as well as in DOX-resistant tumors. The DOX resistance was induced by serial passages of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats in the setting of DOX treatment in vivo. MCs in tumors were detected in the sections by staining with Toluidine Blue O. Histamine content in MCs stained with solution of Water Blue-Orcein was assessed by Astaldi semiquantitative method taking into account different staining intensity. Formation of DOX resistance in the course of serial passages of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma was accompanied by the increase in the number of MCs in tumors and histamine content. Nevertheless, in tumors with phenotype of complete DOX resistance the number of histamine-containing MCs decreased to the same level as in tumors of the original strain that are DOX-sensitive. Conclusion: MCs are involved in formation of DOX resistance in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma.

Aim - to determine whether the structural and functional diversities of naturally occurring antibodies to the Thomsen - Friedenreich (TF) antigen may be of diagnostic and prognostic value in colon cancer. Serum samples were taken from patients with colon cancer (n = 94) and healthy controls (n = 64). The level of TF-specific antibody isotypes and their sialylation were determined using ELISA and lectin-ELISA with synthetic TF-polyacrylamide conjugate as an antigen and a sialic acid-specific Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA). The avidity was determined using ammonium thiocyanate as a chaotrope. The accuracy of diagnostics was evaluated using the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and the survival analysis employing the Kaplan - Meier method. Compared to healthy controls, patients with colon cancer exhibited a lower level of anti-TF IgG antibodies, significantly lower ratios of TF-specific IgG/IgM and IgG/IgA, an increased SNA reactivity of anti-TF antibodies, mostly on account of IgG, and a lower avidity of TF-specific antibodies, especially their SNA-reactive subset. An increased SNA reactivity of anti-TF IgG was observed already at the early stages of cancer (p = 0,0004). The decrease of the ratio of IgG/IgM and IgG/IgA showed a good accuracy of diagnostics with about 60 % sensitivity at 90 % specificity. A similar potential was found for the SNA binding/IgG level index. The high level of TF-specific IgA antibodies was associated with a lower survival rate (hazard ratio = 0,34). Conclusion: this is the first report ever on the colon cancer-related signatures of anti-TF antibody diversity which show diagnostic potential, including in early cancer, and prognostic value. The hypersialylation of TF-specific antibodies appeared to be a common phenomenon in cancer. The signatures may be used as non-invasive antibody-based markers for colon cancer.

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р569.71-14

Рубрики:

Пухлини жіночої статевої системи (онкогінекологія)

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р569.714

Рубрики:

Пухлини матки та шийки матки

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Aim - to study the relationship between the genotype and the phenotype in the patients with Hermansky - Pudlak syndrome (HPS) associated with granulomatous colitis; to monitor clinical course of the disease for adequate treatment, cancer surveillance and genetic counseling. Materials and methods: the diagnosis of HPS is established by physical examination, chest X-ray, computed tomography, endoscopic examination with biopsy, and laboratory tests, including histology, baseline laboratory blood, urine and feces tests, determination of ASCA-C and ANCA antibodies using an ELISA. Molecular genetic testing for HPS gene mutations, R702W, G908R, L1007fs and P268S mutations in NOD2 gene, and TaqI variant of the VDR gene were carried out. We report 2 cases of HPS from unrelated families. Both were complicated by inflammatory bowel disease with pathologic features of Crohn's disease refractory to antibiotics and corticosteroids. One patient (family 1) with Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry had pathogenic variant of the HPS-4 gene in exon 8, mutation P268S of NOD2 genes and "Tt" genotype of TaqI variant of the VDR gene. Another patient (family 2) carried two mutations P268S and G908R of NOD2 gene, and had a large paraovarian cyst diagnosed. No consistent success with the standard medical therapy, used for treating granulomatous colitis, associated with HPS, in presented cases was achieved. Patients needed surgical interventions at a young age and a long-term surveillance of the probable development of tumors and other complications. Azathioprine at 2 mg/kg/day and mesalazine 3 g/day were used with some positive effect for prevention of Crohn's disease postoperative recurrence. Conclusion: the occurrence of perianal lesions, the histopathological findings and the results of the molecular genetic analysis confirmed the mutations P268S and G908R of NOD2 gene in these cases suggest that HPS was truly associated with Crohn's disease variant with early onset and severe course. The search for the molecular causes of the disease in some individuals may help in the development of new therapeutic and surgical approaches, as well in the improvement of understanding of premalignant inflammatory conditions in a large bowel.

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р569.133.1

Рубрики:

Пухлини молочних (грудних) залоз

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Background: as a rare tumor, yolk sac tumor is a type of neoplasm that appears like the yolk sac, extraembryonic mesenchyme, and allantois. The mediastinum is the second most frequent area after the gonadal area. Case report: We present an extremely rare case of 15 years old boy with mediastinal yolk sac tumor. The boy came with the chief complaint of swelling of the neck and face. Computed tomography scan of the chest revealed bulky mass with a cystic component that infiltrated the heart. The diagnosis of mediastinal yolk sac tumor was made after core needle biopsy. Histopathologic analysis revealed tumor mass with solid and microcystic structure and pleomorphic nucleus within the tumor cells. Laboratory finding showed elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein level reaching more than 8000 ng/ml. Echocardiography revealed a mass in the right atrium. The patient condition was rapidly deteriorated due to his vena cava superior syndrome. Unfortunately, the patient died two days after diagnosis and we did not have the chance to do the therapy. Conclusion: mediastinal yolk sac tumor is a rare malignancy that requires comprehensive management. The diagnosis should be made based on histopathological findings with the addition of thoracic computer tomography scan to assess the degree of infiltration to surrounding organ. A life-threatening condition such as vena cava superior syndrome should be assessed promptly to allow for immediate treatment.

Eighty percent of brain metastases (BM) are diagnosed in patients with known primary site of cancer. BM of unknown primary represents a difficult diagnosis. In up to 15 % of patients with BM, the site of the primary tumor will not be detected despite investigations. The prognosis of this entity is very poor. We report here a case of a long survival of a patient with brain metastasis of unknown primary. The conclusion that can be drawn is that within BM of unknown primary exist patients with a very good prognosis that must be collected and published in order to base recommendations.

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р733.562,2 + Р733.569.402

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р56-1

Рубрики:

Онкологія

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р569.696.2

Рубрики:

Пухлини передміхурової залози

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р569.714.1 + Р715.41

Рубрики:

Пухлини матки

Хвороби матки

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р56-1 + Р410-1 + Р415.160.23

Рубрики:

Онкологія

Хвороби систем кровообігу і лімфообігу

Цукровий діабет

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Cancer, inflammation and immune surveillance recruit lymphocytes as common key cellular players. The aim of the study was to assess a utility of the absolute and relative lymphocyte counts (ALC and RLC) in peripheral blood of patients with urological cancer as sensitive tool in pretreatment assessment of patient, which correlates with postoperative outcome of the disease, and outlines the overall reactivity of the patient. We retrospectively studied correlation between lymphocyte count in peripheral blood of the patients with urological cancer (n = 789) and number of clinical parameters: cancer localization, stage of the disease, treatment outcome, complications. Mann - Whitney two-tailed test and logistic regression models were used. Lymphocyte counts (both absolute and relative) correlate with the cancer stage, and status of the disease, allowing differentiate patients with urological cancer, from healthy individuals, and from the cancer patients after radical surgery, in patients with kidney and bladder cancer, lymphocyte count allowed differentiate the stages of the disease. Lower rate of the reactivity of the patient to the cancer treatment is accurately predicted by the ALC and RLC: those in highest quartile for lymphocytes count have shorter postoperative recovery. Patients in lowest quartile demonstrated worst postoperative performance, including cases of early postoperative mortality due to weak somatic status. Conclusion: the study presents evidence that pretreatment lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood of patients with urological cancer is a sensitive marker of cancer stage, and the reactivity of the patient to the cancer treatment, which can be used in the pretreatment assessment of the patient.

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Р569.71 + Р569.133.1

Рубрики:

Пухлини жіночої статевої системи (онкогінекологія)

Пухлини молочних (грудних) залоз

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14160 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ